![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() At least 3 examples of engraved shell imagery from Spiro in Oklahoma shows dancers with trophy heads Dye (2007: Figure 7.1a-c) as well as the Potter Gorget from Southeast Missouri and illustrated by Alban Jasper Conant (1879) and Shetrone (1930). The Osage warrior who cut off the head of an enemy then approached the sacred bird and made his claims to the o-don (war honors ), which is known by this name (LaFleshe 1932:126). Our impression of this complex image, when seen firsthand, is that the pictograph represents an actual person - a warrior who has taken the head of an elite individual - the act of Pa wa-thu-ce (Osage, cutting off the head). Simms and Gohier (2010:4) write that interpreting rock art is by its nature an exercise of "informed conjecture" and we totally agree. This pictograph, and several others in Picture Cave, are perfect examples of polysemic images: multiple meanings or messages can be attributed to a single image (Rogers 2018:236-7). An obvious answer would be Lead, but that is not supported by the XRF analysis.ĭye (2015:172, Figure 12.4) labels the figure as "Morning Star" in the caption to a photograph, but his narrative identifies the figure as "Red Horn" of the tradition of the Ioway and Winnebago. Brown and Muller (2015:Figure 8.4) describe this pictograph as a dot-in-circle image.īlankenship (2015:Figure 4.1) describes glyph 104 as "created by abrading patinated sandstone to create white graphic in conjunction with a line drawing in black." If this is true, then why was that technique used more widely? It appears to me as a thin wash of a pigment. Black spokes (recognized by Douglas Porter using dStretch filter ybk) radiate from the center to the edge and support the shield interpretation. ![]() I prefer the interpretation of a shield it is very close to the shield Catlin sketched in 1834 belonging to an Osage warrior named Tal-lee. Two possible identifications: the Sun or a war shield. ![]()
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